File Commands

ls
directory listing

ls -al
formatted listing with hidden files

cd dir
change directory to dir

cd
change to home

pwd
show current directory

mkdir dir
create a directory dir

rm file
delete file

rm -r dir
delete directory dir

rm -f file
force remove file

rm -rf dir
force remove directory dir

cp file1 file2
copy file1 to file2

cp -r dir1 dir2
copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it doesn’t exist

mv file1 file2
rename or [...]

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In your unixstuff directory, type
% ls -l (l for long listing!)
You will see that you now get lots of details about the contents of your directory, similar to the example below.

Each file (and directory) has associated access rights, which may be found by typing ls -l. Also, ls -lg [...]

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